黄麻两个栽培种及其野生类型与三个近缘种的核型分析

A Karyological Study of Two Cultivated Species and Their Wild Species and Three Wild Relatives of Corchorus

选取黄麻属(Corchorus)2个栽培品种及其4个野生类型和3个野生近缘种为材料,采用常规根尖压片法对黄麻属供试材料的染色体数目和核型进行研究。结果表明:染色体数目均为2n=14。核型公式分别为:宽叶长果(长果黄麻栽培种)2n=2x=14=14m(4SAT);南阳野生长果(长果黄麻野生类型)2n=2x=14=14m(2SAT);坦桑尼亚野生长果(长果黄麻野生类型)2n=2x=14=2M+12m;闽麻5号(圆果黄麻栽培种)2n=2x=14=12m+2 sm;爱店野生圆果(圆果黄麻野生类型)2n=2x=14=14m;廉江野生圆果(圆果黄麻野生类型)2n=2x=14=4M+10m;假黄麻(黄麻属野生近缘种)2n=2x=14=2M+12m;假长果(黄麻属野生近缘种)2n=2x=14=2M+12m;甜麻(黄麻属野生近缘种)2n=2x=14=14m。其中除了宽叶长果核型分类为1B外,其他的都为1A型。同时,还讨论了黄麻野生近缘种甜麻的分类学地位。

Two cultivated species and their four wild species,also three wild relatives of Corchorus were used to calculate chromosome number and karyotype of Corchorus by applying root tip squash method.The results showed that chromosome number in all of the materials was 2n=14 and the karyotype formulas were as follows： kuanye long-capsule cultivars of jute（C.olitorius） 2n=2x=14=14m（4SAT）;Nanyang long-capsule wild species of jute（C.olitorius） 2n=2x=14=14m（2SAT）;Tanzania long-capsule wild species of jute（C.olitorius） 2n=2x=14=2M＋12m;Min ma No.5（C.capsularis） 2n=2x=14=12m＋2sm;Aidian boll wild species of jute（C.capsularis） 2n=2x=14=14m;Lianjiang boll wild species of jute（C.capsularis） 2n=2x=14=4M＋10m;C.aestuans 2n=2x=14=2M＋12m;C.pseudo-olitorius 2n=2x=14=2M＋12m;Tianma（wild relatives of jute） 2n=2x=14=14m.All of the karyotypes belonged to 1A type except for kuanye long-capsule cultivars which were 1B type,The taxonamic status of Tianma has also been discussed in this paper.