饮用水臭氧氧化处理过程中溴酸根的产生及控制

Formation and controlling measures of bromate during ozonation of drinking water

论述了给水处理中溴酸根(BrO3-)的健康危害、产生机理、影响因素及其控制和去除方法。采用臭氧氧化处理含溴离子(Br-)水时,会产生以BrO3-为主的臭氧化副产物。BrO3-的生成与Br-初始浓度、臭氧投加量、水温、无机碳浓度、水中天然有机物(NOM)的种类和浓度、以及水的pH值等因素有关。目前研究较多的削减BrO3-生成势的方法包括加酸降低pH值、加羟基自由基(.OH)淬灭剂、加次溴酸/次溴酸根(HOBr/OBr-)抑制剂、加氨(NH3)、加过氧化氢(H2O2)以及多相催化臭氧氧化等。相比较而言,多相催化臭氧氧化方法克服了向水中投加化学试剂的主要缺点,副作用小,具有较好的发展前景。如果BrO3-在水中已经生成,研究较多的BrO3-去除方法包括活性炭吸附-还原法和Fe0/Fe2+化学还原法,但离实际应用尚有距离。

This paper reviews the health threat of bromate（BrO-3）,reaction mechanisms and influential factors of BrO-3 formation,as well as possible methods for controlling and eliminating BrO-3 in drinking water treatment.Ozone treatment of bromide（Br-）-containing waters will generate ozonation byproducts predominated by BrO-3.BrO-3 formation is influenced by the initial Br-concentration,ozone dosage,water temperature,inorganic carbon concentration,concentration and type of natural organic materials（NOM）,and water pH.The measures for minimizing BrO-3 formation potential,which have gained much research attention in recent years,include pH depression by adding acids,addition of ·OH scavenger,addition of HOBr/OBr-depressor,addition of NH3,addition of H2O2,and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation.In comparison,heterogeneous catalytic ozonation is more prospective which avoids chemical addition thus yields little side effect on treated water.If BrO-3 has been generated in water,the eliminating methods mostly studied include activated carbon adsorption-reduction and chemical reduction by Fe0/Fe2＋.However,these methods are currently far from practical application.