汉语动源职事称谓衍生的特点及认知机制

The Cognition and Features of the Transferred-designation of Verb-derived Occupational Appellations

动源职事称谓指由从业或司事义动词直接转指施动者而衍生的称谓。表示特异职事和高级职事的动词分别比表示普通职事和低级职事的动词更具有转指优势;动词所表动作行为如果不限于与职事相关或及物动词可搭配的宾语成分义类丰富,动词直接转指施动者就会受到限制。动源职事称谓衍生的语义限制主要是由转喻认知模型中源概念与目标概念的邻近性特征和源概念在认知上的"显著度"决定的,而动源职事称谓衍生的义类优势序列则与特异职事和高级职事在社会分工体系中的高"显著度"相关。

Verb-derived Occupational Appellations refer to those appellations（nouns indicating persons who do certain jobs）transferred directly from verbs relating to occupations. Verbs referring to special and superior occupations are comparatively advantageous than those general and inferior ones in transferring.For verbs with meanings not restricted to occupations and for transitive verbs followed by objects that can be summarized into various meaning categories,it is not easy to transfer to nouns which indicate the doers.The semantic restriction of the transferred-designation of Verb-derived Occupational Appellations depends on the proximity between the source concept and the target concept and the degree of salience of the source concept in metonymic cognition model.The superiority sequence of the transferred-designation of Verb-derived Occupational Appellations is relevant to the high salience of the special or superior jobs in the social division of labor.