外国学生习得汉语任指范畴的难易度探析

A Research of the Difficulty on Foreigners'Acquisition of the ANY SENSE Category in Chinese

名词及量词重叠、疑问代词的非疑问用法和反义并列复合副词是现代汉语任指范畴的三种重要表达形式,但在汉语中使用频率较高的反义并列复合副词却常在对外汉语教学中被忽略。这三种形式的封闭性程度高低与其学习的难度高低正好相反。其中,反义并列复合副词的学习难度最大,其原因不是语际间的差异,而是教学者忽略对学生习得汉民族认知方式的引导以及学习者对目的语规则的泛化或不正确推论。对反义并列复合副词表任指范畴的教学,包括课堂教学、教材编写和教学大纲的制定都应该引起教学者的高度重视。

In Chinese the ANY SENSE category has three important formed expressions that they are interrogative pronouns,reduplicated form of nouns or measure words and juxtaposing of antonymous semantemes.However,juxtaposing of antonymous semantemes is neglected in the teaching Chinese as second language though it is very active in spoken Mandarin of modern Chinese.The high or low degree closure of the three forms is just opposite from the degree of easiness or difficulty in acquisition of them.And the problem of juxtaposing of antonymous semantemes is most serious,which is not caused by the discrepancies of interlanguage but by other facts：Firstly it is what teachers neglect leading students on acquisition of Chinese cognitive style;Secondly it is what learners have a generalizations of laws on target language or a wrong inference.The teaching of juxtaposing of antonymous semantemes should be highly valued in the processes of having classes,writing textbooks and making syllabuses.