我国新生代农民工转移、就业的主要特点和趋势

Characteristics and Tendency of Young Peasant Workers Transfer and Employment

新生代农民工已经成为农民工的主体,该群体具有一些不同于传统农民工的新特征:平均年龄与初次外出务工年龄较低,未婚者居多;受教育和职业技能培训水平相对传统农民工有所提高;偏向于选择劳动环境和就业条件更好的行业;维权意识日益增强;需求层次从生存向发展转变。目前在新生代农民工向非农产业转移就业过程中,存在着很多方面的障碍和问题:宏观经济形势变化使农民工就业市场面临更大不确定性,整体收入水平不高,培训情况离市场要求有差距,侵害农民工权益问题突出,新生代农民工市民化面临户籍、住房、教育、社保等一系列制度性和现实性障碍。当前,中国经济在企稳回升之后面临着发展方式转型,农民工劳动力市场将出现地区性短缺和结构性短缺,农民工流向呈现多层次、多元化趋势,企业管理方式也将实现一些有利于农民工就业条件的变革。

the young peasant workers have become main body of the peasant workers.This group has some different features from traditional peasant workers： the average age and first migrant age is lower,the majority are unmarried.Education and vocational skills level is improved.They prefer to choose better labor environment and conditions.Their legal awareness is growing.Their demand is changing from survival to development.Currently,in the transferring process of peasant workers to non-agricultural industry workers,there are many barriers and problems.Changes of macroeconomic situation make the young peasant workers face greater uncertainty.Their overall income is not high.Training situation has distance from the market requirement.Peasant workers＇ rights is still violated.Citizenization of young peasant workers is facing the register,housing,education,social security and a series of institutional and practical obstacles.At present,China＇s economic is facing development mode transformation,peasant workers labor market has presented regional and structural shortage.The migrant flow presents multi-level and diversified trends.Enterprise management will change to a mode beneficial to peasant workers.