都市型农业的概念、属性与研究重点

Agriculture Characterized by City:Concept,Nature,Key of Research

"都市农业"概念模糊和争论在很大程度上阻碍了研究的深入,这种模糊和争论实际上是由于人们在不同场合使用这一概念来反映本质上不同的三种农业活动。基于澄清概念的需要,我们认为可以使用"都市农业""、城郊农业"、和"都市型农业"来分别概括这三种农业活动,而都市型农业应成为研究重点。都市型农业是在自然存在的城郊农业基础上提出的理想农业模式,其以区域为基础,同时强调功能特征,以微观单元为基础,同时强调宏观系统。都市型农业的发展问题实质上是适应都市发展需求的都市资源优化配置问题,其基本研究方法应是从农业区位的角度研究都市郊区农村农业生产结构的优化。都市型农业的具体研究应主要集中在都市型农业资源和环境状况、微观单元生产结构模式、宏观产业结构与区域布局、技术集成和创新,以及组织模式与政策支持等问题。

Fuzzy on the concept of ＂urban agriculture＂ largely hampered the development of research.The reason of the fuzzy and dispute is because this concept is used to summarize three kinds of different essentially agricultural activity in different occasions.Considering on the need to clarify the concepts,＂urban agriculture＂ and ＂agriculture on rural suburb of city＂ and ＂agriculture characterized by city＂ can be used to summarize these three kinds of agricultural activity respectively,and we should focus research on ＂agriculture characterized by city＂.＂Agriculture characterized by city＂ is the ideal agricultural pattern which is based on ＂agriculture on rural suburb of city ＂ which is existing agriculture in natural.＂Agriculture characterized by city＂ is the concept which emphasizes functional characteristics as well as being based on the region,and which emphasize macroscopic system as well as being based on micro unit.The issue on development of ＂agriculture characterized by city＂ is essentially optimizing allocation of city resources which is adapt to the development of the urban.So,the basic research methods should be optimization on agriculture production structure on rural suburb of city from the perspective of agricultural location.Research on ＂agriculture characterized by city＂ should focus on city resources and environment condition,micro unit production structure mode,macro industrial structure and regional layout,technology integration and innovation,and organization model and support policy,etc.