人口—经济—空间视角的东北城市化空间分异研究

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION ON NORTHEAST CHINA URBANIZATION BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF POPULATION-ECONOMY-SPACE

城市化是一个"人口—经济—空间"三维一体的过程——其中人是行为主体,经济是驱动力,空间是载体,据此构建城市化综合测度指标,运用均方差赋权法,对东北34个地级市城市化水平进行综合测度,并运用自然断裂法进行空间表达,结果表明东北地区城市化具有如下特征:①人口、经济、空间及其综合城市化水平空间分异明显,其中经济城市化的空间分异程度最为明显,且主导着人口、空间城市化的演变,但效益不是最佳;②综合城市化水平表明东北地区正处于城市化的加速发展阶段;③人口、经济和空间城市化的空间吻合性较差,其中经济城市化呈现出由南往北依次递减的趋势,而人口城市化呈黑龙江省>辽宁省>吉林省,空间城市化的规律性不明显;④哈大铁路沿线城市其经济、空间及综合城市化空间演变趋势相同——由南往北依次递减,而人口城市化恰好相反,即由南往北依次递增;⑤基于城市化视角的城市群发育程度表现出辽中南城市群>哈长城市群的特征。对东北地区城市化发展道路具有重要的指导意义和实践价值。

Urbanization is a ＂population-economy-space＂ trine progress;in which people is the actor,economy is the driving factors,while space is the,based on this,the article constructed the comprehensive measure indicators of urbanization,used the standard variance method to make sure the weightings of every index,took the 34 prefecture-level cities（mainly referring to the three northeastern provinces） as the research object,to measure the urbanization level of population,economy and space comprehensively,and then used GIS to express the scores in the map.The result showed that： ① The spatial differentiation of population,economy,space and its comprehensive degree of urbanization was significant,in which the spatial differentiation of economy was the most obvious.The economy urbanization dominated the population urbanization and space urbanization,but the benefit of the Northeast China development model was not the best;② The comprehensive urbanization rates meant that Northeast China being in the accelerating development stages;③ The population urbanization,economy urbanization and space urbanization were not coordinated well,in which the economy urbanization showed a decreasing trend from south to north,the population urbanization showed a trend that Heilongjiang province 〉 Liaoning province 〉 Jilin province,while the space urbanization was obvious;④ The economy urbanization,space urbanization and comprehensive urbanization of the cities along the Ha-Da railway showed the same trend that gradually shrink from south to north,while the population urbanization gradually increased from south to north;⑤ The urban agglomeration development degrees showed that Central Cites of Liaoning 〉Ha-Chang City Group.It is important to give Northeast China urbanization road some guiding and practical value.