美国第一级职业学位(FPD)制度分析

An Analysis of System of the First professional degree(FPD) in USA

第一级职业学位(FPD)是一种独具美国特色的学位类型。在初始阶段,美国教育统计资料中一直把FPD和本科学位合并在一起统计,1960-1961年,FPD开始正式成为单独的统计类别。美国FPD与研究型博士、一般意义上的专业学位均存在明显区别,主要分布在医学、法学和神学三大领域,且涵盖学士、硕士、博士三种学位头衔,关于其中带有"博士头衔"的法律博士(J.D.)是否属于一般意义的博士学位,学界存在争议,有学者认为它仅仅是名义上的博士学位。美国FPD的规模一直远大于哲学博士,但其快速发展的时间上滞后于哲学博士。我国专业学位研究生教育的发展,应重在调整,特别是法学、医学等行业性和职业性强学科的研究生教育可以逐步调整到专业学位教育体系中去。

First professional degree （FPD） is a type of degree with primary stage, the U.S. education statistics had been counted it togeth unique American characteristic. In its er with the statistics of the bachelor degree. In 1960-1961, FPD officially started to become a separate statistical category. American FPD has notable difference compared with the research-oriented doctor degree and professional degree of the general sense. Mainly distributed in the field of medicine, law and theology, it covers three degrees： bachelor, masters and doctor. As to the issue that whether the Juris Doctor （J.D.） degree which bears doctorate title belongs to the doctors＇ degree of the general sense, there exists dispute among scholars, some of whom regard it as only a doctorate nominally. The development of China＇s professional degree post-graduate education should pay more attention to its adjustment. Disciplines with strong occupational and professional characters such as law and medicine could be integrated into professional degree educational system gradually.