低出生体重儿学龄前期发生肥胖或营养不良的影响因素

Impact factors on obesity and malnutrition among low birth weight children at pre-school age

[目的]探讨低出生体重儿婴幼儿期膳食、气质、家庭环境与其学龄前期发生肥胖、营养不良的相关性,为预防低出生体重儿学龄前期肥胖、营养不良的发生提供依据。[方法]在上海市普陀区妇幼保健院儿保门诊选取定期检查的低出生体重儿66人,在同区域长寿社区卫生服务中心儿保门诊选取正常儿童33人,采用喂养指数问卷、膳食问卷、Carey《3~7岁婴儿气质问卷》（家长问卷）与《家庭环境问卷》进行测评,以Logistic回归法与单因素分析法进行分析。[结果]儿童气质、家庭环境与学龄前期儿童肥胖的发生有关。6个月喂养指数、添肝泥时间及家庭环境因子的＂知识性＂对学龄前期儿童营养不良的发生有显著影响。[结论]6个月喂养指数、气质、家庭环境与低体重儿学龄前期肥胖、营养不良的发生有关。对低出生体重儿进行6个月喂养指数测评、幼儿气质评定、家庭环境评估有临床使用价值。

[Objective] To study feeding practice,infant temperament and family environment among low birth weight（LBW） infants aged 0-3 and investigate obesity and malnutrition occurring in them at pre-school age,finding their relationships and providing the grounds for reducing obesity and malnutrition among LBW children. [Methods] A group of 66 LWB children,checked in Putuo District Maternal and Child Care Center and a group of 33 normal children,checked in Putuo District Changshou Community Health Center were investigated by means of questionnaire in relation to feeding,diet,by Carey＇s＂3 to 7-year-old questionnaire＂（parent questionnaire） and ＂Family Environment Questionnaire＂. [Results] Family environment and infant temperament were found to be related to obesity occurring in preschool children.Feeding practice for 6-month-old,and family environment were found to be connected with malnutrition occurring in pre-school children. [Conclusion] The factors raising the rate of obesity and malnutrition occurring in pre-school children are feeding in 6-month-old,infant temperament and family environment.To measure and assess these impact factors for LWB infants is significant to help parents to build health thinking and to know how to feed and how to build a warm family.