论言语行为理论与会话含意理论之异同

On Commonalities and Differences between Speech Act Theory and Conversational Implicature Theory

言语行为理论和会话含意理论是语用学领域的两个重要理论。分析两者之间的共同性与差异性结果发现他们有着共同的历史渊源,但一方以"意义就是使用"哲学思想强调以言行事,另一方则以"我思"哲学理性强调语境的功能。两者无论在认知语境、图形和背景理论还是在心理空间理论和原型理论都有着共同性的关联,但一方侧重认知语境、图形和背景理论;另一方侧重心理空间理论和原型理论。两者都强调意象以及语篇或语篇连贯的重要性,但一方将言语行为规定为意义的基本单位,强调意义作为一种派生形式;另一方强调以说话人为出发点,提出意向交际的观点。此外,言内行为的特点是有形的,言后行为的特点是无形的。

Speech act theory and conversational implicature theory are among the important theories in pragmatics. Although the analysis of their commonalities and differences reveals their sharing of the same origin, speech act theory emphasizes doing things with words with the philosophical idea ＂Using constitutes the purpose＂ and conversational implicature theory stresses the context function with ＂Ego cogito＂. While the two theories are related not only in cognitive context, figures and context theory but in mental space theory and prototype theory as well, the former theory focuses on cognitive context, figures and context theory and the latter on mental space theory and prototype theory. The comparison of the two theories also shows they both lay stress on the importance of images, discourses and discourse coherence, but the former theory takes the speech act as a basic unit of meaning emphasizing the meaning as a derivative form and the latter puts forward the commnicative intent focusing on the speaker. Moreover, locutionary acts are explicit and perlocutionary acts are implicit