沙棘“生态经济育种”研究Ⅱ——半干旱地区沙棘杂交亲本比较生态生物学研究

Seabuckthorn Breeding on Eco-economy(Ⅱ) Features Study of Ecology and Biology on Hybrid Parents in Semi-arid Areas

杂交育种的首要任务是重视亲本的比较生态生物学研究与筛选。利用Li-6400光合仪对内蒙古九成宫基地的中国沙棘与引进的俄罗斯沙棘开展了多指标对比测定。结果表明:俄罗斯沙棘特点是:叶面积大,叶绿素含量高,在湿润条件下百果重大,果实成熟期短,干物质积累快,产量高;光合速率高,蒸腾强度大,但水分利用效率低;叶片厚度、叶上表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度都薄,具湿生植物属性;中国沙棘的特点是:叶面积小,叶绿素含量低,百果重小,果实成熟期长,干物质积累慢,产量低;光合速率低,蒸腾强度小,具有"光合午休"现象,但水分利用效率高;叶片厚度、叶上表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度都厚,具旱生植物属性。在半干旱地区,水分胁迫是影响沙棘产量的主要因子,因此,俄罗斯沙棘与中国沙棘杂交,是获得优良性状互补且杂种优势显著的杂种沙棘的有效育种方法。

the main task of hybrid breeding is to pay a great attention to the study and selection for parents with high ecologic and biological features.The indexes of breeding parents（Chinese sinenses and introduced Russia mongolica） have been determined by Li-6400 of Photosynthesis meter,which showed that the Russia mongolica has the features as following： bigger leaf area,high content of chlorophyll,bigger kernel weight,short mature time,fast accumulation of materials and high yield.The high photosynthetic rate and transpiration intensity,but low water usage and thinner leaves and palisade tissue,which are with features of wetland plants.The features of Chinese sinenses are all in contrast the characteristics of Russia mongolica mentioned above,they have the feature of photosynthetic dormancy,and with the features of dry plants.The study showed that in the semi-arid area,water stress is the key factor to seabuckthorn berry production,so it is the best way to get the fine plants with great features by the hybridization with the Chinese sinenses and introduced Russia mongolica.