清代北京地区瘟疫流行的社会影响及政府应对

Social Influence of Epidemic Diseases and Government Reactions in Beijing in Qing Dynsasty

清代北京地区瘟疫反复流行,不仅导致人口大量死亡,还对政治制度、经济发展、城市建设、民众信仰产生重大影响。瘟疫流行期间,清政府拨付专款,设局施药施棺进行直接救治。同时,还注意安置解决来京流民饥民问题,对控制疫情的蔓延起了重要的作用。此外,基于传统天象示警的观念,统治者还通过重清理刑狱和征求直言的方式挽回天意,达到消除瘟疫的目的。这种举措是非科学的,但在约束封建君主专制和官僚政治方面,在稳定特殊时期的社会秩序方面起到了一定的作用。

Frequent epidemic diseases in Beijing in Qing Dynasty caused huge deaths,and big influences on the political system,economic development,city construction and people＇s belief.During the plagues,the government put in special fund to set up organizations that gave drugs and coffins for free.Relieving the famine and hungry refugees in Beijing limited the spread of epidemic diseases.Based on traditions,rulers had to decrease severe punishment and ask for direct advice to please the god,so that plagues can be stopped.This was not scientific,but made some contributions in limiting the feudal tyranny and bureaucracy.