马来西亚卫生体系改革及对我国的启示

The health system reform in Malaysia and its implication to China

马来西亚卫生体系继承英国的国家卫生服务制度,有相对较为完整的公立卫生服务体系。但自20世纪70年代开始,马来西亚的私立医疗机构和私立医疗保险也得到了快速发展。本文主要描述了马来西亚卫生体系现状及主要私有化改革举措,认为马来西亚目前的医疗卫生机构主要存在完全公立医院、完全私立医院、公司化运作的公立医院和部分科室采取私有化运行的公立医院4种类型。文章进一步提出对我国规范发展私立医疗机构的启示:公民对卫生政策制订和实施应有更大发言权;合理界定公立和私立卫生机构;加强私立医疗卫生机构和私立医疗保险的管理;加快对私立医疗卫生机构管理的立法进程;建立公立和私立医疗卫生机构的合作机制。

The health system of Malaysia adopts Britain＇s National Health System（NHS）.Malaysia has the relatively comprehensive public health care system.But since 1970s,private hospitals and private health insurance has been significantly developed in Malaysia.This article describes the health system in Malaysia and its privatization process.There are four types of hospitals： the completely public hospitals,the completely private hospitals,the corporate public hospitals,and the partially private sectors in public hospitals.With regard to the policy making and exercising,the article further proposed the significance for regulation of private hospitals in China as follows：（1） citizens should have more right to speak;（2） we＇d better delimit public and private health institutes;（3） it needs to improve the administration of health institutions and private medical insurance;（4） accelerate the process of legislation with regard to administration of private medical institutes;（5） build the cooperation between public and private health institutes.