福建省并殖吸虫病疫区感染率的变化及其原因探讨

STUDY ON REASONS AND CHANGES OF INFECTION RATE IN 10 EPIDEMIC AREAS OF PARAGONIMIASIS IN FUJIAN PROVINCE

调查福建省将乐县等１０ 处并殖吸虫疫区感染率变化并探讨其原因，为本病流行病学研究提供新资料。收集前后２０ 年间疫区的螺、蟹、人群等并殖吸虫感染率和影响这些结果的因素资料。１０ 个疫区中福建并殖吸虫、卫氏并殖吸虫下降明显，前者下降至０ ，而卫氏并殖吸虫疫区的蟹类感染率由７９ ．７２％ （４０５／５０８） 降至４７．４４％（４１１／８６８）（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ，螺类感染率由０．２８％ （２３／８２１２）降至０．０３％ （２／５９０７）（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。蟹体内斯氏并殖吸虫囊蚴感染率变化不大，前后分别为４６ ．０３ ％（２２０／４７８）和４６．６０％ （４８／１０３） 。其原因：福建并殖吸虫第一中间宿主为湖北钉螺闽亚种，因防治血吸虫病而被消灭。卫生并殖吸虫疫区感染率下降主要与溪河毒鱼时殃及螺蟹，房屋与田野毒鼠（并殖吸虫终末宿主或转续宿主） 及致猫犬科动物误食毒鼠药饵或中毒的鱼、鼠致死所致。而斯氏并殖吸虫孳生地多为远离乡村的小山沟，不受或少受毒鱼、毒鼠的影响。

In order to study the reasons and changes of infection rate in 10 epidemic areas of paragonimiasis in Fujian Province, we collected the materials of cercaria in snails, metacercaria in crabs, antigen intradermel test of adults and the fectors infecting these in the epidemic areas in the late 20 years. As a result, Paragonimus fukienensis and P. westermani in 10 epidemic areas declined obviously. P. fukienensis declined to zero, the infection rate of crab in the epidemic area of P. westermani declined from 79.72%(405/508) to 47.4%(411/868)( P <0.01), and the infection rate of snail from 0.28%(23/8212) to 0.03%(2/5907)( P <0.01). But the infection rate of P. skrjabini of crab changed little from 46.03%(220/478) to 46.60%(48/103). Oncomelania hupensis tangi was the first intermediate host of P. fukienensis , having been eliminated because of the control of schistosomiasis. Because snails were eliminated when we poisoned fish in brooks and mice in houses or fields(mice are the final or transfer hosts of Paragonimus ) and mammals such as cats and dogs died by eating poison or poisoned fish or mice, the infection rate of P. westermani declined. The epidemic areas of P. skrjalric are gullies far from villeges, so they were not affected by poisoned fish or mice.