论责任保险被保险人“怠于请求”行为之司法界定

The judicial definition of the insured′s "Idle at the Request" behavior in liability insurance

2009年新修订的《保险法》第65条增加规定,赋予保险事故受害第三者在一定条件下对保险人的直接赔偿请求权,这是我国责任保险法律制度的进步。然而,《保险法》对被保险人"怠于请求"行为的认定并未作具体明确的规范,这必将使司法实践对此类案件的处理陷入困境。在目前条件下,为切实保证责任保险制度保护受害第三者利益立法目的之实现,概括被保险人"怠于请求"的常见表现,通过司法解释首先从时间期限上对"怠于请求"行为作出界定是必要和可行的;其次,建立第三者、保险人、被保险人之间的"直接求赔-催促索赔-直接赔偿"制度亦是可行的。

The 2009 amendment to the ＂Insurance Law＂ article 65 adds the provision that the third party victim to the insured event has the right of direct compensation claim from insurer under certain circumstances. This is a progress of our legal system on liability insurance. However, the ＂Insurance Law＂ does not make clear specification on how to identify the insured＇s ＂ idle at the request＂ behavior,which may give rise to difficulties in handling such cases judicially. Under the current situation, in order to ensure the fulfillment of legislative purpose that the liability insurance system protects third party victims, it is highly necessary and feasible to summarize common features of the insured＇s ＂ idle at the request＂, and to define ＂idle at the request＂ behavior from the time limit perspective according to the judicial interpretation. Furthermore, it is also feasible to establish the system of ＂direct claim-urging claim-direct indemnification＂ among the third party, the insurer and the insured.