乾隆朝“以工代赈”制度研究

Research on Relief Systems in the Qianlong Period Providing Jobs Instead of Reliefs

"以工代赈"是清代重要的赈济措施,始于康熙朝,发展于雍正朝,繁荣及完善于乾隆朝。乾隆朝工赈制度规定,官府承担修筑民堤民埝费的一半,佣工者可参加工赈,提高工赈人员的佣金,工赈工程须有一定的规格、范围及规模。主要采取兴修及疏浚水利、修筑城墙及水陆通道、衙署、监狱、仓库、庙宇、学堂及军事工程等措施。工赈的实施增强了灾民自力更生的能力及自救意识,发挥了救灾及增强社会基础设施的双重功效,减少了社会动荡的因素。

Providing jobs instead of Reliefs is one of the important relief measures in the Qing Dynasty,which began in the Kangxi Period,developed in the Yongzheng Period with its prosperity and improvement in the Qianlong Period.In the Qianlong Period,it was required by the Relief System that half of the cast on reparation of the dam and the embankments must be offered officially,workers could be hired in the construction.It also raised the commission of the workers,and certain specifications,scopes and scales were required as well.The system enhanced the sense of self-reliance and self-help of the victims.It plays a part in both relieving and enhancing social infrastructure,which also reduced the factors of social unrest.