饲喂不同配比油脂饲料对肉鸡肉品质及肌肉中脂肪酸组成的影响

Effect of Feeding Diets Containing Different Oils to Broilers on Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition in Breast and Thigh Muscles

研究日粮中添加不同配比油脂对肉鸡肉品质、肌肉胆固醇含量及脂肪酸组成的影响。选取648只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成6组,CON为对照组(饲喂基础日粮),SO为正对照组(日粮中添加豆油),LO为负对照组(日粮中添加猪油),COP、COC、COV组分别在日粮中添加以棕榈油为主的配比油脂、以椰子油为主的配比油脂、多种植物油组成的配比油脂,实验期为42d。结果表明:COP组胸肌24h的滴水损失显著升高(P<0.05);COC组腿肌烹饪损失显著降低(P<0.05)。LO组胸肌不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸得到提高(P<0.05);SO、LO、COP、COC组n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量均得到提高(P<0.05);SO、COC组n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于CON组(P<0.05);除COV组外,各组n-6/n-3低于CON组(P<0.05)。SO组胸肌胆固醇含量低于除LO组外的各组(P<0.05)。结论:配比油脂组提高了肉鸡肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量,对肉鸡肉品质没有产生不良的影响,豆油组改善了胸肌中脂肪酸比例并降低胆固醇含量,以椰子油为主的配比油脂次之。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding different vegetable oils or fat to basal diet on the meat quality,cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of breast and thigh muscles of Arbor Acre（AA） broilers.Totally 648 one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into 6 groups： CON（fed basal diet mainly consisting of corn meal and soybean meal as normal control）,SO（fed basal diet added with soybean oil as positive control）,LO（fed basal diet added with lard as negative control）,COP（fed basal diet added with commercial complex vegetable oil sample mainly containing palm oil）,COC（fed basal diet added with commercial complex vegetable oil sample mainly containing coconut oil） and COV（fed basal diet added with commercial complex vegetable oil sample containing multiple vegetable oils）.Each chicken was fed for 42 days.The results showed that：（1） Drip loss（24 h postmortem） of breast muscle in COP group was significantly increased（P 0.05） and cooking loss of thigh muscle in COC group was significantly decreased（P 0.05）.（2） Breast ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in LO group was improved（P 0.05）;more n-3 PUFAs were determined in SO,LO,COP and COC groups（P 0.05）;compared with CON group,the contents of n-6 PUFAs in SO and COC groups were higher（P 0.05） and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs in the other four groups except COV group was lower（P 0.05）.（3） The content of cholesterol in breast muscle from SO group was lower than that in the other four groups except LO group（P 0.05）.These results indicated that the feeding vegetables oils and lard to broilers could increase PUFA content in the breast muscle and have no adverse effect on meat quality.Soybean oil could change the proportion of fatty acids in the breast muscle and reduce cholesterol level.