医护人员亚健康状态与职业紧张因素相关分析

Relationship between sub-health status and occupational stress among doctors and nurses

目的评价福建省医护人员亚健康状态,探讨影响医生与护士亚健康状态的主要职业紧张因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取福建省各级医院925名医生和408名护士,采用健康体检和问卷调查相结合的方式评估其亚健康状态,并进行职业紧张的问卷调查。结果医生亚健康状态发生率(66.9%)高于护士(59.8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);医生职业任务和个体紧张反应总分分别为(146.77±20.14)和(89.32±19.10)分,均高于护士的(141.03±21.17)和(86.83±20.01)分(P<0.05);而应对资源为(123.39±16.89)分,低于护士的(125.45±17.03)分(P<0.05);医生及护士亚健康状态的共同职业紧张影响因素为躯体紧张反应、心理紧张反应、任务不适和不良工作环境;医生的亚健康状态还与任务冲突和任务过重有关。结论职业紧张是医生及护士亚健康状态的主要影响因素。

Objective To evaluate the sub-health status and to explore the relationship between occupational stress and sub-health status among doctors and nurses.Methods The sample consisted of 925 doctors and 408 nurses selected with stratified cluster sampling.The occupational stress was measured with Occupation Stress Inventory Revised Edition（OSI-R） and the sub-healthy status was measured with physical examination and a self-designed questionnaire.Results The prevalence of sub-healthy status in the doctors was 66.9% and was significantly higher than that in the nurses（59.8%,P0.05）.The total scores of occupational roles questionnaire（146.77±20.14） and personal strain questionnaire（89.32±19.10） in the doctors were significantly higher than those in the nurses（141.03±21.17,86.83±20.01,P0.05）,whereas the total score of personal resources questionnaire（123.39±16.89） was significantly lower than that in the nurses（125.45±17.03,P0.05）.The main occupational stress factors related to sub-health status among the doctors were physical strain,psychological strain,role boundary,role overload,role insufficiency,and unsuitable working environment.The main occupational stress factors related to sub-health status among the nurses were physical strain,psychological strain,role insufficiency,and unsuitable working environment.Conclusion Occupational stress is an important risk factor for sub-health status among doctors and nurses.