从“科学革命的结构”看创新——对创新的一般性规律探索

Innovation from the Viewpoint of "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"——Exploring the Generic Rule of the Innovation

库恩的"科学革命的结构"给出了科学发展的一般过程,这个过程是通过范式概念揭示的。真正的创新,从根本上说是范式的转变,是一场革命,它必然引起经济、政治以致整个社会结构的变化。创新与范式具有内在关联。通过对二者关系的研究,可以探究创新的一般性规律:创新是一种解谜过程,在解谜过程中不断扩展研究区域从而引起原有体系结构的改变;创新过程中遇到的阻力,首先来自原有范式的制约,这种制约需要创新主体具有的科学思维、科学精神来超越;突破并超越原有范式的制约后,需要把新前景作为创新的动力;在多元范式竞争后出现的新范式就成为根本性创新的标志。

Kuhn＇s book ＂The Structure of Scientific Revolutions＂ gives the generic process of the science development, and this process is disclosed by the concept of paradigm. The real innovation, basically speaking, is the transformation of the paradigms. In other words, the real innovation is a revolution and it is inevitable to bring the changes on economy, politics, and even the entire societal structure. There is a connection between innovation and paradigm. Through the study of their connection, we can explore the generic rule of the innovation. The innovation is the process to solve a puzzle, and the research area will be continuously expanded in this process and in turn the changes take place in the original structure. The encountered resistance originates from the restriction of the old paradigm, and this restriction should be overcome by the sci entific thinking and spirits of the innovation principles. After breaking through and even exceeding this restriction, the new prospect should be the driving force of the innovation. The win of a new paradigm after the competition among multi paradigms is the sign of a fundamental innovation.