地外星体土壤取样机构技术

Soil Sampling Technology on Extraterrestrial Bodies

取样技术是地外星体土壤取样任务的核心技术之一。在调研各国地外星体土壤取样任务的基础上,对人工取样和无人的钻取取样、铲挖取样、夹取取样、研磨取样、复合取样等方面的国外地外星体土壤取样技术进行了分析比较,得出以下结论:多数无人自主土壤取样机构都可以看作由决定作业方式的末端执行器和位置机构两部分组成,钻取、铲挖、研磨是有效的取样作业方式,导轨机构和臂类机构是有效的位置机构。针对我国将在探月工程中实施的无人自主月球土壤取样与返回任务,建议在一次任务中同时获取浅层和深层土壤样品,以获得更加丰富的科学信息并提高取样任务的可靠性,浅层取样使用以铲挖为主增加某种破岩方式的复合取样技术,深层取样使用钻取取样技术。

Sampling is one of the most important technologies of the soil sampling mission on extraterrestrial bodies.This paper gives a research on extraterrestrial bodies soil sampling missions and then studies the foreign sampling technologies based on the classification of human sampling and unmanned drilling,scooping,tonging,grinding and complex sampling.The conclusion is that the most unmanned soil sampling mechanisms are made up of end effector that determines the sampling method and positioning mechanism;drilling,scooping and grinding are the effective sampling methods and track mechanism and arm mechanisms are the effective positioning mechanisms.Aimed at the unmanned lunar soil sampling and returning mission of China luna exploration project,this paper suggests that both superficial and deep soil be acquired in the same mission to obtain more abundant scientific information and enhance the reliability of sampling mission,and scooping method be used assisted by rock breaking method in superficial sampling and drilling method in deep sampling.