多出救点、多物资、多救助点的救灾物资调拨模型研究

Research on Disaster Relief Materials Dispatching Model Based on Multi-depots,Multi-materials and Multi-destinations

在自然灾害或其它突发事件发生以后,国家需要根据其破坏程度启动相应等级的应急响应并调拨救灾物资进行紧急救援。衡量救援效果的两个最通常的指标是应急时间和应急成本,目前大部分的物资调拨模型都是单一物资唯一受灾点以多目标规划为主,直接考虑救灾的出救点对灾害发生地的救援物资调拨与路径问题。但在实际的救灾过程中,面对紧急的灾害事件,受灾点的物资的需求都是多样的,灾害救助点很有可能也是多个,并且首先应该是在最短的允许时间内将救灾物资调运到现场,而成本与此目标相比要次之,它需要结合灾害发生时的现实情况做出最优决策。为此,文章结合实际的救灾物资调拨情况,给出了一种多出救点、多物资以及多救助点约束条件下,受灾点需求物资到达时间最短的物资调拨模型,并通过实验验证了可行性。

After natural disasters or other emergencies occur,the government must carry out appropriate level of emergency response and deliver disaster relief materials for emergency rescue according to the extent of damage.The most common two indexes for measuring rescue effects are emergency time and emergency cost,and at present,the most materials delivery models are based on single-material,unique disaster effect site and dominated by multi-objectives,they directly consider the route issue for disaster relief materials delivery from relief depots to disaster effect sites.However in the actual process of disaster rescue,the material demands of the disaster effect sites are various confronting the emergent disaster,and the disaster relief depots are likely to be multiple,furthermore the first thing we should consider is to transport the disaster relief materials to the disaster effect sites in the shortest permissible time rather than the cost.Therefore it is necessary to make optimal decision combining with the reality of the disaster.As a result,this article gives a disaster relief material delivery model which will enable the required materials arriving disaster effect sites in the shortest time under the condition of multi-depots,multi-materials,and multi-destinations,and verifies its feasibility by experiments.