“古史即诗”:《尚书》史诗因素考辨

Ancient History and Poetry:Research on the Epical Elements of Shangshu

《尚书》的早期叙事篇章以四篇《虞夏书》为代表,由上古的口传叙事史诗发展而来,虽经后世史官和诸子学派学者的不断加工修订,仍在一定程度上保留了早期口传叙事史诗韵散相间的巫瞽讲唱因素,具有"史诗兼诗与史,融而未划"的特征。如果去除后世添加上去的历史叙事话语,便可发现其中蕴藏一部初具规模的早期汉民族史诗的雏形,包括"虞舜史诗"和"周民族开国史诗"两部分内容。借鉴叙事学和文化人类学的相关理论,从《尚书》文本的叙事语言和文体入手,可为解决上古汉民族史诗缺失问题提供新线索和新思路。

The early narrative pieces of Shangshu representated by four papers of the Yu-Xia Book,originated from the oral epic,still retains to some extent the early oral narrative epical elements and the specific features of blending poetry and history,alternating between verse and prose,with relation to ancient wizard,though the later generations of scholars and thinkers revised them many times.If we remove the adding discourse,we can find it contains a certain scale of early embryo of Han national epic including Yu Shun epic and the foundation epic of the Zhou Dynasty.Benefited from the theory of narrative and cultural anthropology and beginning with the narrative language and style of the text of Shangshu,we affirm that it can provide new clues and new ideas to solve the problem of the absence of the ancient Chinese national epic.