稠油油溶性降黏剂ASAM/C/O的合成与评价

Synthesis and evaluation of oil-soluble viscosity reducer ASAM/C/O for heavy oil

分析了造成稠油高黏的原因及降黏剂的降黏机理,对降黏剂的分子结构进行设计.先以丙烯酸(A)、苯乙烯(S)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料合成了中间产物——三元共聚物ASAM,然后以ASAM、多元醇、长链烷基酸为原料通过两步酯化反应合成了一种稠油油溶性降黏剂ASAM/C/O.通过正交实验确定出中间产物ASAM的最佳合成条件:单体质量比m(丙烯酸)∶m(苯乙烯)∶m(丙烯酰胺)为6∶3∶2,引发剂质量分数1.3%,反应时间为6 h.降黏剂ASAM/C/O的最佳合成条件∶m(ASAM)∶m(C)∶m(O)取6∶2∶1.5,长链烷基酸的碳链长度取18,反应温度在110～120℃之间,反应时间为6 h左右.降黏剂ASAM/C/O具有较好的降黏效果;降黏率与温度有关,随温度降低,降黏率升高;加剂处理后稠油体系的活化能大幅度降低,说明体系内的结构强度减弱.

The molecular structure of viscosity reducer is designed according to the cause of the high viscosity of heavy oil and the viscosity-reducing mechanism of viscosity reducer.Firstly,a meddle product of terpolymer ASAM is synthesized using acrylic acid(A),styrene(S),acrylamide(AM),and then the viscosity reducer ASAM/ C/ O is synthesized with the terpolymer ASAM,polyols,long chain alkyl acid.The synthetic conditions of the terpolymer ASAM and the viscosity reducer ASAM/ C/ O are optimized and their optimum conditions are obtained by orthogonal experiments.The optimal synthesis conditions of ASAM are that,the mass ratio of A,S to AM is 6∶3∶2,the mass fraction of initiator is 1.3%,and reaction time is 6 h.The optimal synthesis conditions of ASAM/C/O are that,the mass ratio of ASAM,C to O is 6∶2∶1.5,the carbon chain length of alkyl acid is 18,reaction temperature is 110~120 ℃,and reaction time is 6 h.The viscosity reducer ASAM/ C/ O has good reducing-viscosity performance.Its reducing-viscosity ratio will increase with the decreasing of temperature.The viscosity and activation energy of the heavy oil adding the viscosity reducer ASAM/ C/ O into are greatly decreased,which shows the heavy oil system has weaker structure.