深圳市学龄儿童高血压危险因素调查

Survey on hypertension and risk factors among school age children in Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市儿童血压水平及高血压患病率情况，探讨儿童高血压的易患因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法，对深圳市6～14岁儿童进行血压测量及问卷调查，观察与小学生高血压可能相关的危险因素。结果在调查的1140名儿童中，高血压患病率为4．04％，男女儿童血压均随着年龄增长而呈升高的趋势；高血压儿童与正常儿童之间的身高、体重、腰围、臀围和体质指数（BMI）均具有显著差异（P〈0．05）；深圳户籍儿童高血压患病率显著高于非户籍儿童（P〈0．05）。肥胖、高盐高脂饮食是儿童高血压的危险因素。结论儿童血压随着年龄增长呈升高趋势，高血压患病率与生长发育、家庭经济水平、肥胖及饮食习惯有关，控制体重，改变不良饮食习惯可减少高血压的发生。

Ahn To survey the incidence of hypertension in school-aged children and related risk factors in Shenzhen. Methods Children aged 6-14 years old were sampled and surveyed by random cluster sampling. The blood pressure was measured,and the possible risk factors were investigated by questionnaires. Results The incidence rate of hypertension in 1 140 children was 4.04% ,and the blood pressure was elevated along with the increase of age both in boys and girls. The body height, weight,waisthne,hip circumference and BMI demonstrated significant differences between hypertensive and normal children. The rate of hypertension of children with census registration in Shenzhen was higher than those without. Obesity, high salt and fat diet were the risk factor related to hypertension. Concluslons The blood pressure of children is elevated along with the increase age, and the incidence rate of hypertension is associated with the status of growth, economy, obesity and eating habit. Therefore controlling body weight and changing the unhealthy eating habit can prevent and reduce the occurrence of hypertension.