阿伦特“根本的恶”的困境及其政治哲学意义

The Dilemma of Hannah Arendt's "Radical Evil" and Its Political Philosophy Significance

汉娜·阿伦特"根本的恶"概念产生于对极权主义本质的理解。极权主义的意识形态,即"人是多余的",不仅超越西方近代功利主义人性观的适用范围,而且指向理性的认知维度与道德维度的统一问题。当理性与极权主义之恶相遇,其困境显现为:只有"人是多余的"成为罪恶的动机,恶才是根本的;而一旦这种动机违反同一律,道德规定尺度就一并消失。为了解释道德的来源问题,阿伦特放弃了对于恶的理性探究,转向对哲学和政治关系的反思。

Hannah Arendt＇s concept of radical evil originated from his understanding the essence of totalitarianism,whose ideology（i.e.,＇It＇s unnecessary for man to exist＇） not only exceeds the western utilitarian viewpoints of humanity in modern times,but also points to the unity of cognitive and moral perspectives.When rationalism is confronted with the evil of totalitarianism,a dilemma ensues—only when ＇It＇s unnecessary for man to exist＇ becomes the motive for the evil will it become radical.Once the motive breaks away from the law of identity,the rules of morality will disappear simultaneously.In order to explore the origin of morality,Arendt had to give up his rational studies on the evil and turned to reflections upon the relationship between philosophy and politics.