关中方言“了”字初探

Preliminary Exploration of Guanzhong Dialect

西安等处"了1"在把字句或阻断句里读作[liau],"了2"作"咧";泾阳等处"了1"读作[.lau],"了2"读作[.la]。大致可以从泾阳、富平、渭南等处对"了1"和"了2"读音的区别看出"了1"和"了2"在句子中的特点;西安等处的"了1"和"了2"一般无法通过读音来区分,多数情况下"了1"和"了2"都作"咧",只在把字句中表示未然等时态时,"了1"才读作[.liau]。"了2"(如西安的[.liε],泾阳的[.la],宝鸡的[.lia])可以表示假设。

In Ba sentence structure and signal words for stopping,＂Le＂ in Xi＇an is pronounced as ＂liau＂ and ＂lie＂,while in Jingyang as ＂lau＂ and ＂la＂ respectively.From the pronunciation of Jingyang,Fuping,Weinan an other neighboring places,their differences can be identified.In Xi＇an,it is hard to tell from its pronunciation,in most cases,it is read as ＂lie＂,only when in Ba sentence structure showing the future tense,it is read as ＂liau＂.When it is pronounced as ＂li＂ in Xi＇an,＂la＂ in Jingyang and ＂lia＂ in Baoji,it can express assumption.