克拉玛依农业开发区地下水位变化和应对措施探讨

Changes of groundwater level in Karamay agricultural development region and the countermeasures

利用克拉玛依农业开发区及其附近地区1997年-2009年重复地下水位观测数据和高精度地形测量数据资料,分析发现过去十年间开发区平均每年抬升0.61m/a,而且近期抬升加快,其中开发区东部地下水位抬升最为明显。至2009年开发区约2/3土地的地下水位埋深小于土壤发生次生盐渍化的临界深度。针对开发区地下水上升原因和当地自然地理条件,对控制地下水位抬升提出了初步建议。

The spatial distribution and causes of changes in groundwater level in Karamay agricultural development region was discussed using measurements of ground water level of the region over the period from 1997 to 2009,high-precise ground surface level survey and meteorological records at Karamay weather stations.We found that the groundwater level had been uplifted observably due to continuous irrigation in the agricultural development region during the last 10 years.The rising rate of groundwater level was about 0.61m/a on average over the period of 1997-2009,and it had increased to 0.80m/a from 2005 to 2009.The peak of rising of groundwater level occurred under the forest which was planted for producing paper,and the gradient of groundwater on the west wing of the peak was oppose to that of the ground surface.In 2009,the burial depth of groundwater level under about 2/3 area of the agricultural development region had been reduced to the range lower than the threshold depth for the occurrence of soil salinization.Some proposals for controlling the rise of groundwater level were put forward by considering the causes for the rise of groundwater level and local geographical conditions.