对双生子佯谬问题的几种解释

Several explanations on twin paradox

给出备受物理学界关注的双生子佯谬问题的几种探讨。首先给出最一般的讨论,即完全利用狭义相对论中的洛仑兹变换,计算出具体实例中留守者和旅行者各自所经历的时间,并进行比较。计算中,旅行者发现留守者的时间突增是解决问题的关键所在。其次,利用几何方法对双生子佯谬进行解释,即利用闵氏时空图对其进行解释,这里包含了一个重要结论:闵氏时空中的类时测地线为最长类时线。文中最后将深入地分析双生子佯谬的物理机制。看似对称的双生子运动实则并不对称,旅行者是有加速过程的,其加速度大小和加速期长短对其时间延缓是有影响的。这也是对前面提到的产生时间突增的原因的补充说明。讨论结果表明:双生子佯谬实质上并不是佯谬,而是一个绝对效应。

A thorough investigation on the twin paradox,which is important for understanding the basic concepts and principle of the relativity theory,is given in this paper.First,a calculation of the difference of ages between a pair of twins is performed using a Lorentz transformation.The key point in this calculation is the recognizing of an abrupt time increment of the rest one observed by the traveler.Then an argument for the twin paradox is developed using a geometry method where by using the Minkowsian space-time diagram an important conclusion is embodied,i.e.the time-like geodesic is the longest of the time-like curves.Finally,the physical mechanism of the twin paradox is analyzed.The symmetry between the twins is broken by the fact that the traveler undergoes some acceleration processes and his acceleration magnitude and periods determines his time dilation,which complements the argument for the reason why the rest one has an abrupt increment mentioned above.The results show that the twin paradox is not a paradox but an absolute effect in fact.