分镇与徙治——兼论中晚唐藩镇与州的博弈进退

Division of defense commands and migration of capital prefectures——study on the struggle between defense commands and prefectures in Late Tang

中晚唐藩镇建置方面最显著的特点是裂地分镇,藩镇碎化造成数量日增而辖境大减。分镇使一批属州变成治州,地位大为提升,新藩镇所领属州数目骤减,相对分镇以前其比重与实力均有增强。同时,徙治使治州与属州角色转换,原本实力平平的属州,会在短时间内实现实力飞跃,甚至超过原来的治州。分镇与徙治逐渐发展,客观上促使藩镇渐弱而属州渐强。北宋太宗时,能够彻底废除藩镇,实现全国诸州直属朝廷,可从中晚唐分镇与徙治中一窥因由。

The outstanding characteristic was division of defense commands in Late Tang,which led to more defense commands and less area.The division made many normal prefectures into capital ones whose status were increased greatly.Besides,the normal prefectures under new defense commands were decreased,while their proportion and strength were raised.As well,migration of capital prefectures made the previous normal prefectures＇ strength developed by leaps,even surpassed the previous capital prefectures.Thus defense commands were stronger and prefectures were weaker.During the reign of Taizong in Northern Song Dynasty,all prefectures directly subordinated to the royal government instead of defense commands.