从开放到管制——战后国民政府外汇政策的演变及后果

From opening to controlling——the evolvement of the postwar foreign exchange policy of the National Government and its aftermath

抗日战争胜利后,国民政府先后制订和实施相关财金政策以应付突如其来的巨变。在金融方面最为重要的举措即将战时外汇管制政策转变为战后初期的开放外汇和黄金市场,然而这一政策随着内战的爆发而最终失败。随后国民政府军事由盛转衰,正常的经济活动因恶性通货膨胀难以维持,外汇市场不得不再次施行管制。

After the victory of Sino-Japanese War,in order to cope with sudden great changes,the National Government made and actualized some financial and monetary policies,of which the most important monetary action was the change of the foreign exchange policy-from wartime control to opening the exchange market and the gold market in the early postwar period.Along with the civil war breaking out,however,the opening policy finally failed.Subsequently,with the downfall of the Nationalist troops,normal economic activities was too difficult to be carried through because of the inflationary spiral,and the exchange market had to be controlled once again.