历史要重演吗?——1948年的周鲠生、胡适之争及其意蕴

Will the history happen again?——the argument between S.R.Chow and Hu Shih in 1948 and its meaning

1948年初,周鲠生与胡适就国际局势问题爆发了一场争论。争论主要围绕两个问题展开。第一,如何看待"西方民主国家"的对德对日政策?第二,苏联是不是一个可怕的侵略势力?周鲠生认为,第二次世界大战结束后英、美的对德对日政策,可能会导致德、日两国军国主义的复活,从而重蹈第一次世界大战后西方民主国家对德政策的覆辙。胡适则认为西方民主国家并未放弃防制德、日侵略势力复活的政策,而苏联已成为一个可怕的侵略势力。从世界范围看,这场争论实际上是第二次世界大战结束后美国国内两种不同的外交主张的分歧在中国的反映,其思想根源则在于两种不同的自由主义理念,反映了战后中国自由主义的复杂走向。

In the beginning of 1948,an argument about the international situation between S.R.Chow and Hu shih broke out.The argument unfolded with the following two topics.First,How to value the policies of the western democratic countries to Germany and Japan？ Secondly,Is the Soviet Union an awful aggressive power？ S.R.Chow thought that the policies of the British and U.S.to Germany and Japan after the end of the Second World War would lead to the revival of militarism of the two countries,just like what had happened after the First World War due to the policies of the western countries to Germany.Hu Shih insisted that western democratic countries didn＇t give up the policy of preventing Germany and Japan reviving their aggressive forces while the Soviet Union had become an awful aggressive power.In a worldwide view,the argument between S.R.Chow and Hu Shih was the reflection of the American domestic disputes on foreign policies after the Second World War.The argument rooted in two different liberal ideas,which showed the complicated trend of the Chinese liberalism after the Second World War.