朱熹的“新民”理念——基于政治哲学视角的考察

On the Idea of the New People Developed by Zhu Xi:A Perspective of Political Philosophy

以《大学》的"新民"观念为中心,朱熹重构了儒家政治哲学。在其新民学说中,明明德是新民的基础,而新民是明明德的目的。从内在依据、主体、方法、心理基础与落实等方面可以看出,朱熹的新民理念具有明确的内在逻辑结构,对该结构的分析同时就是对"新民何以可能"这一问题的回答。朱熹的新民理念为儒家政治哲学勘定了逻辑边界,相对于中国古代的其他学派具有理论优势。不过,从现代政治哲学的视域来看,其新民学说在政治与道德之间缺乏一种分界观念。解决之道在于平衡君子的责任与个人自主。

Centering on the idea of ＂the new people＂ in The Great Learning, Zhu Xi reconstructed the Confucian po- litical philosophy. This paper analyses the basic ideas of ＂illustrious virtue＂, ＂illustration of illustrious virtue＂ and ＂the new people＂, and examines the relationship between ＂the new people＂ and ＂illustration of illustrious virtue＂, the latter being the basis of the former which in turn is the aim of the latter. Therefore, from the perspectives of internal reason, subject, method, psychological basis and implementation, we can see that Zhu Xi＇s idea of ＂the new people＂ reveals a clear logical structure, and the analysis of this idea is in itself an answer to the question of why it is possible to have ＂the new people＂. This idea of ＂the new people＂, which delineates a logical boundary for the Confucian political philosophy, surpasses other schools of thought in ancient China with its theoretical advantages. However, from the perspective of modern poetical philosophy, this theory lacks a demarcation between politics and moral, and the solution to this problem is to strike a balance between responsibility and individual autonomy.