基于P-S-R模型的土地生态安全物元评价——以河南省为例

Evaluation of Land Eco-security Based on Pressure-State-Response Model Using Matter Element Methods:A Case of Henan Province

采用P-S-R模型建立指标体系,对区域土地资源生态安全进行客观评价。采用物元和可拓理论构建了区域土地资源生态安全综合评价模型,以河南省为例进行了研究,用层次分析法进行结果计算。结果表明:研究区域内耕地粮食单产逐年增加,土地流失比例逐年降低,土地质量不断提高,森林覆盖率提高,生态环境得到有效改善,但人口压力过大,人均耕地面积不足仍然是影响土地生态安全的重要因素;GDP总量较大,但人均占有量较少,第三产业占国民收入的比重虽有所提升,但横向比较与全国平均水平仍有差距;产业结构、城乡结构不合理已经成为经济社会发展最突出矛盾,加快转变经济发展方式尤为紧迫。整体水平不容乐观,目前仍处于临界安全水平,评价结果符合当地实际情况。基于P-S-R模型的物元评价方法适用于土地生态安全评价,有一定的推广价值。

The purpose of the paper is to evaluate land resource eco-security. An index system was estab- lished based on pressure-state-response model, an integrated assessment model was constructed with the support of matter element model. Then the assessment model was applied to Henan Province, the results were calculated using analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that grain yields gradually increased, the proportion of land loss decreased year by year, soil quality continuously improved, forest coverage increased, ecological environment improved. But the population pressures is too large and the per capita arable land area is shortage within the study area are still important effect factors for ecological safety. GDP volume is larger but less per capita, The tertiary industry and the proportion of national income has improved, but compared with the national average horizontal still gaps; industrial structure, urban-rural structure is irrational, has become the most prominent contradictions of economic and social development, and accelerating transformation of economic development is particularly urgent ; The overall level of the study area is not optimistic, is still in the critical safe level, the evaluation results meet local conditions. Conclusions： Evaluation methods based on pressure-state-response model and matter element aoolied to evalute land eco-security has some promotional value.