秸秆育苗钵在棉花育苗移栽上的应用及效益分析

Application and benefit analysis of straw block in seedling transplanting of cotton

为了研究以秸秆为原材料制成的秸秆育苗钵(SB)在作物育苗移栽中的应用效果,以塑料育苗钵(PB)和大田直播(DS)为对照,研究了秸秆营养钵对棉花育苗移栽后植株生长、干物质分配以及产量的影响,并对其经济效益进行了分析。结果表明:采用SB移栽棉花,可显著提高出苗率,缓苗期比PB缩短7d左右,移栽成活率提高8.8%,盛花期干物质累积总量显著增加,特别是生殖器官的干物质质量比PB增加1.5倍,皮棉产量增加11.5%,比DS增加17.5%。从产量结构上看,SB单株铃数比PB和DS分别高7.5%和23.3%,铃质量与PB无显著差异而比DS高5.8%,衣分差异不显著。效益分析表明,采用SB种植棉花,每公顷净收益可比PB增加735元,比DS增加1904元,这主要得益于产量增加显著,种子用量有效减少,钵成本占投入比例相对较小以及劳动成本相对低廉等因素。

In order to reseach the application of Straw Block（SB） utilized agricultural residuals as raw materials on seedling and transplanting of crops,the effect of SB on the plant growth,dry matter partitioning,yields and economic benefits of transplanted cotton were studied in this experiment,plastic block（PB） and direct sowing（DS） as contrast.The results showed that SB increased significantly the rate of emergence,made the convalescent period shorter about 7 days and the transplant survival rate increased 8.8% compared with PB,and this also resulted in significant increase of dry matter accumulation,especially that of reproductive organs increased in 1.5 folds,and lint yield increased 11.5% than PB and 17.5% than DS.For the yield component,boll number per plant of SB increased 7.5% and 23.3% than PB and DS respectively,whiling lint weight was no significant differences from PB and was 5.8% more than DS.No significant differences were observed in lint percentage among these 3 models.Further benefit analysis showed that net income per hectare increased by 735 yuan than SB and 1 904 yuan than DS by using SB in cotton production system,these benefit were mainly from significant increases of yield,markable decreases of seed amount,relatively small proportion for block cost accounting in total investment and lower labor costs.