植物芽休眠的类型、影响因素及调控的研究进展

Progress on categories,factors and regulation of bud dormancy in plants

植物的芽休眠是一个在理论和实践上都很重要但至今还未弄清楚的问题。讨论了芽休眠的概念、分类、影响因素及其调控措施。芽休眠除受遗传因子控制外,温度和激素是两个重要的影响因素,外部因素通过影响芽内部的激素水平、水分状态、膜透性和能量代谢影响芽的休眠。芽休眠主要分为预休眠、内休眠和环境休眠3个阶段。芽休眠的调控措施可分为物理和化学两大类。人们虽然在植物芽休眠的生理和生化方面作了很多工作,但仍还有许多问题需要解决。

Bud dormancy is very important in theory and practice, but it is not clear for us to date. This paper is a review of the literature on the effect of temperature on dormancy release in buds of woody perennials. The following topics are reviewed： definition and interpretation of dormancy; dormancy terminology, base temperature or critical temperature in woody plants, effect of temperature- chilling, moderate temperatures high temperatures fluctusting temperatures and the duration of treatment-on dormancy release in woody plants. Finally, the problems that have arisen from current studies on dormancy release are discussed. The dormancy of deciduous fruit trees could be divided into paradormancy, endo-dormancy and ecodormancy. The measures regulating bud dormancy can be divided into physical and chemical category. Ahhough a lot of work on physiology and biochemistry of bud dormancy has been done, but there are still many problems to solve.