数字地形模型(DTM)的特征及其应用

Characteristics and Applications of Digital Terrain Model (DTM)

ＤＴＭ 是地形形状大小和起伏特征的数字描述，它是ＧＩＳ功能的一个重要组成部分，在农林、水利、石油、气象、交通、地质等部门有着广阔的应用前景。按数据采集所依据的方式、数据来源以及数据采集的自动化程度，ＤＴＭ 可以分为不同的类型。目前，ＤＴＭ 的数据结构有格网式、不规则三角形格网式、等值线式及随机点式等，以前两者结构最为常用。ＤＴＭ 可以通过相应的数据库管理系统予以管理，以满足数据查询、检索、排序、运算、分析、更新的需要。ＤＴＭ与ＲＳ信息的复合，ＤＴＭ 与ＣＡＤ及相似系统的结合，开拓了其应用的领域，ＤＴＭ 在制图学等领域也正发挥着愈来愈大的作用。

Digital Terrain Model(DTM) shows the shape and size as well as rise and fall of terrain by means of digitalization. It is an important part of Geographical Information System(GIS) function and widely used in agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, oil industry, meteorological observation, traffic control, geological prospecting and other fields. According to data collection types, data sources and automation degree of data collection, DTM can be classified different types. At present, DTM data structure includings, Grid, TIN, Contours and Random. The former two types are usually used. DTM can be controlled by DMS so as to satisfy the needs of data inquirement, index, arrangement, calculation, analysis and renewal. The integration between DTM and RS information as well as between DTM and CAD and related system develops the DTM's application fields. Meanwhile, DTM takes part in more and more importance in cartography.