温度对瓜实蝇实验种群生长发育及生殖的影响研究

Effect of temperature on the development and reproduction of Bactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillett) population

【目的】研究温度对广西瓜实蝇生长发育的影响,为瓜实蝇的综合防治提供理论依据。【方法】采用人工恒温饲养方法,分别设置15、20、25、30、35℃5个恒温条件,测定不同恒温条件下瓜实蝇的生长发育、存活和繁殖情况。【结果】瓜实蝇卵、幼虫、蛹、产卵前期和世代的发育起点温度分别为10.56、7.33、10.77、9.72和10.77℃,有效积温分别为12.68、117.91、107.15、364.43和602.17℃·d;在35℃时蛹不能存活,25℃时单雌产卵量最大,平均每头雌虫产卵1428.30粒,15℃时最低,平均240.30粒;在15～30℃时,瓜实蝇实验种群趋势指数均大于1,在25、30℃时,种群趋势指数最大,分别为447.37和301.19。【结论】15～30℃范围内瓜实蝇可正常发育,25～30℃为其最适生长发育及繁殖温度。

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of temperature on developmental and reproductive stages of Baetrocera cucurbitae population （Coquillett） in order to provide basic information for its integrated control. [ Method ]The B. cucurbitae populations were artificially fed at five constant temperatures （15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃ ） and the development, reproduction and their survival rates were determined by artificial feeding method during various developmental stages. [Result]The threshold temperatures for the development of eggs, larva, pupa, pre-oviposition period and generation of B. cucurbitae were 10.56, 7.33, 10.77, 9.72 and 10.77℃ respectively, and the effective accumulated temperature of them were 12.68, 117.91, 107.15, 364.43 and 602.17 d.℃, respectively. The pupa could not survived at 35℃. The female adults were found to produced maximum eggs （1428.3 eggs per female） under the condition of 25℃, while minimum egg production （240.3 eggs per female） was recorded at 15℃. The population trend indices of B. cucurbitac was recorded over 1, and it was recorded as maximum （447.37） at 25℃, followed by 301.19 at 30℃. [Conclusion]The B. eueurbitae population was found to be developed normally in the range of 15-30℃, which was the optimum temperature for its development and reproduction.