试论清代甘肃士人向上流动的捷径——以军功奖叙为例

Study on the Achievement in Military of Gansu Intellectuals in the Qing Dynasty

在科举正途之外,经由军功向上流动成为清代甘肃读书人科举之外的一条重要途径。其经此而跻身士绅群体者不仅人数众多,而且所获功名和学衔也各不相同。其中,既有经此途径获取功名学衔改变身份者,也有因此获得出仕机会和资格者。探究这一突出现象的原因,既与甘肃地处西北边疆、军事人才众多有密切关系,也与甘肃文化教育发展相对滞后等息息相关。此外,经由军功获得学衔及功名的品级也与士人原有的学衔呈正比关系。

In the Imperial examination time, the achievement in military is the main way for Gansu intellectuals. Through this way, they not only get the fame ,but also have access to official career opportunities. There are three reasons main for this phenonmena. Firstly, the Gansu is located in the Northwest areas.Secondly,there are a number of military personnel.Finally,the cuhural and educational development is behind other provinces. In addition, the awards received by the military achievement have corresponding with their original grade .