运动,免疫机能和老年人

EXERCISE,IMMUNE FUNCTION AND THE ELDERLY

运动不仅可以预防由年老而引发的心血管和新陈代谢疾病,而且,也可以对免疫机能发挥深远的影响,并且衰老与免疫不规则性的发生率增加有关,这些使我们更加明确了运动对老年人免疫机能的影响。在激烈运动之后,和年轻人相比,老年人的白细胞增殖会减少。这表明了主要影响了嗜中性白细胞动员的衰减,因为老年人和年轻人的淋巴细胞募集是一样的。在老年人适度和最大强度的剧烈训练的应答中,促细胞分离剂刺激的淋巴细胞增殖反应出现衰减,随着年龄增长,NK细胞表现出保护性。相比于久坐的老年人群,定期地参加几年训练的老人安静时免疫细胞机能有所提高。尽管更高强度的运动可能对免疫细胞机能发挥保护作用,但是,久坐的老年人群经过短期的适度运动并不会使其免疫机能恢复到正常健康人群水平。

Exercise is advocated in the prevention of a number of cardiovascular and metbolic diseases associated with ageing. Nevertheless, it is known that exercise can exert profound effects on immune function and ageing is associated with a progressive occun＇ence of immune dysregulation. With this in mind , it is important to appreciate the effects of exercise on immune function in older people. In response to acute exercise, older people demonstrate a smaller leukocytosis than younger people. Furthermore, in response to acute exercise of both moderate and maximal intensity, mitogen - stimulated lymphocyte proliferative responses are attenuated in older subjects, whereas NK cell function appears to be preserved with ageing. Regular participation in exercise training over a period of several years is associated with enhanced measures of resting immune cell function compared with that of sedentary older people. However, short - term moderate intensity exercise training （ both aerobic and resistance ） in sedentary older people does not result in a restoration of resting immune measures to the levels observed in highly conditioned older people, although higher intensity training programmes may exert a protective effect on immune cell function.