松嫩平原耕作黑土土壤动物群落的区系组成和生态分布

Composition of Soil Fauna and Ecological Distribution in Cultivated Black Soil Regions of Songnen Plain

为了解松嫩平原不同纬度耕作黑土的环境差异及其对土壤动物群落组成的影响,2009年5月、8月、10月在松嫩平原(黑龙江省境内)选取5个代表性耕作黑土土壤动物群落进行研究。共捕获大型土壤动物41类,2242只,捕获中小型土壤动物49类,15050只,隶属于3门7纲22目57科。研究结果表明,5个样地的土壤动物个体数和类群数水平分布具有明显的差异。在海伦,无论是大型土壤动物还是中小型土壤动物个体数和类群数都占有绝对优势,最北部的嫩江最少。耕作黑土中的大型土壤动物垂直分布表聚性不明显,中小型土壤动物的表聚性则较明显,但与森林土壤相比其表聚性不显著。分析表明不同地区土壤动物多样性指数H',大型土壤动物:嫩江>依安>海伦>呼兰>绥化;中小型土壤动物:海伦>呼兰>绥化>嫩江>依安。

We selected five representative regions in different latitude of cultivated black soil regions in sonnen plain,in order to reveal the differences of ecological environment,and the effects of the differences on the fauna composition.All work were done in May,August and October in 2009,and 2242 macro-soil animals of 41 classes and 15050 mid-micro soil animals of 491 classes were captured,which were subordinate to 57 families,22 orders,7 classes in 3 phylum.The results showed that individual and group number of the soil animals varied greatly in horizontal distribution of different regions.Macro-soil animals and mid-micro soil animals in Hailun was dominant,not only in individual number but also in group number,and the least was in nenjiang.The vertical distribution showed that mid-micro soil animals mainly lived in the topsoil layer,not like macro-soil animals,but compared with those lived in forest soil,the phenomenon was not apparent.The diversity index of macro-soil animals was Nenjiang〉 Yi ＇ an〉 Hailun 〉Hulan 〉Suihua,and that in mid-micro soil animals was Hailun 〉Hulan 〉Suihua 〉Nenjiang 〉Yi ＇ an.