从郭茂倩《乐府诗集》初探汉唐乐府与楚辞的关系

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YUEFU POETRY IN THE HAN AND TANG DYNASTY AND CHU CI THROUGH THE STUDY ON ANTHOLOGY OF YUEFU POETRY COMPLIED BY GUO MAOQIAN

楚辞《九歌》本是源于沅湘之间的民间歌谣,民间歌谣与祭神祀曲的歌乐特质,影响及于汉唐乐府。郭茂倩《乐府诗集》编集了从陶唐到五代乐府诗一百卷,共分十二类,其中保留楚声、楚调的有《郊庙歌辞》、《鼓吹曲辞》、《相和歌辞》、《清商曲辞》、《舞曲歌辞》、《琴曲歌辞》、《杂曲歌辞》、《杂歌谣辞》、《近代曲辞》、《新乐府辞》十类。考察这十类乐府诗的形式、曲调、篇名、题材可以发现,汉唐五代乐府诗与楚辞楚声存在密切的关联,楚辞楚声是汉唐五代乐府诗的重要资源,汉唐五代乐府诗是对楚辞楚声的接受与转化。

The Nine Songs in Chu Ci is written by Qu Yuan who learned a great deal from the songs for sacrificial offerings along the area of Yuan and Xiang river valley.It has a significant influence on the Yuefu poetry in the Han dynasty through Tang Dynasty.Anthology of Yuefu Poetry compiled by Guo Maoqian collected a hundred volumes of Yuefu poems which can be divided into 12 categories from the reign of King Yao to the Five Dynasties Period.Among them,ten categories have preserved the characteristics of the music in the country of Chu,such as Jiaomiao Lyrics,Guchui Lyrics,Xianghe Lyrics,Qingshang Lyrics,Orchestic Lyrics,Lyrics of Guqin Songs,Zaqu Lyrics,Zageyao Lyrics,Jindai Lyrics and New Yuefu Lyrics.Through studying the form,melody,title and subject of the songs in these ten categories,we can find the Yuefu poetry from the Han Dynasty through the Tang Dynasty and to the Five Dynasties Period is closely related with Chu Ciand songs of the country of Chu.Chu Ci and songs of the country of Chu are important sources of the Yuefu poetry from the Han Dynasty through the Tang Dynasty and to the Five Dynasties Period.While,at the same time,the Yuefu poetry from the Han Dynasty through the Tang Dynasty and to the Five Dynasties Period is the development of Chu Ci and songs of the country of Chu.