龙岩市家养水禽寄生蠕虫的群落生态分析

The Analysis of Community Ecology of Parasitic Helminths of Domestic Waterfowl in Longyan City, Fujian

2008—2010年对闽西山区（龙岩市所辖的7个县市区）进行家养水禽寄生蠕虫的种类调查,剖检309只水禽,其中阳性水禽202只,共检出寄生于家养水禽体内的蠕虫18种。统计结果：寄生蠕虫总感染率达到65.37%,各种寄生蠕虫的感染程度不同,感染率和感染强度位居首位的是裂刺四棱线虫,分别达到46.93%和13.46条（虫）,其次是卷棘口吸虫、美丽膜壳绦虫、福建单睾绦虫,其感染率和感染强度分别为10.68%和10.12条、10.68%和6.58条、9.06%和6.36条。感染率和感染强度最小的是细背孔吸虫和大多形棘头虫,其感染率和感染强度分别为0.32%和1.00条、0.97%和1.67条,其余12种寄生蠕虫的居于一般程度的感染状态。阳性水禽以同时感染1~3种寄生蠕虫的情况较为普遍。在寄生蠕虫群落中,优势种为裂刺四棱线虫和卷棘口吸虫,次优势种为美丽膜壳绦虫、福建单睾绦虫、冠双盔绦虫、鸭对体吸虫、似椎低颈吸虫、分歧单睾绦虫、楔形前殖吸虫、东方次睾吸虫、鸭瓣口线虫、台湾束首线虫。除了细背孔吸虫和大多形棘头虫属于随机分布外,其他16种蠕虫属于聚集分布。

After the random sample of 309 domesticated waterfowl were anatomied and checked in Longyan City, where is in western mountainous areas of Fujian Province from 2008-2010, the results showed that there were 18 species of parasitic helminth were checked in 202 positive domestic waterfowl, which the infection rate of parasitic helminth was 65.37% .There was more differences bescause everyone parasitic helminth infected different levels in domestic waterfowl. The highest infection rate and intensity were Tetrameres fissispinus, the infection rate and intensity of which were 46.93% and 13.46 individual, respectively. The second were Echinostoma revolutum, Hymenolepis venusta and Aploparaksis fukienensis, the infection rate of which were 10.68%, 10.68% and 9.06%, and the infection intensity were 10.12, 6.58 and 6.36 individual. The least infection rate and intensity were Notocotylus attenuatus and Polymorphus magnus, the infection rate of which were 0.32% and 0.97%, and the infection intensity were 1.00 and 1.67 individual, respectively. The infection rate and intensity of the other 12 parasitic helminth were among the medium infective situation. It was found that each waterfowl was popular infected 1-3 species parasitic helminth at the same time. In the community of 18 species of parasitic helminth,Tetrameres fissispinus and Echinostoma revolutum were dominant species. Hymenolepis venusta, Aploparaksis fukienensis, Dicranotaenia coronula, Amphimerus anatis, Hypoderaeum conoideum, Aploparaksis furcigera, Prothogonimus cuneatus, Metorchis orientalis, Epomidistomum anatinum and Streptocara formosensis were sub-dominant species. Except for Notocotylus attenuatus and Polymorphus magnus belonging to randomly distributed, the other 16 parasitic helminth were aggregated distribution.