浙北山区典型小流域农村面源污染现状调查与治理对策

A Survey about Rural Non-point Pollution in Mountain Region of Northern Zhejiang Province and the Countermeasures

山区小流域与平原河网小流域在地形地貌上具有显著不同的特点,它们在面源污染的发生规律上必然也不尽相同。笔者以西山村为例,就太湖地区浙北山区小流域农村面源污染物氮、磷排放规律进行调查,提出治理相关对策。调查结果表明:西山村总氮、总磷污染排放总量分别高达3604.99kg/年和609.17kg/年。该流域的4大污染源对TN的贡献率依次为:雷竹林-茶园种植业(47.59%)>养殖业(24.41%)>生活污水(19.94%)>水稻种植业(8.06%);对TP的贡献率分别为:雷竹林-茶园种植业(49.59%)>养殖业(24.13%)>水稻种植业(20.90%)>生活污水(5.38%)。该流域面源污染控制重心应放在雷竹林-茶园种植业和养殖业污染上,特别是雷竹林-茶园种植业这类高效益种植业上。笔者认为,进行河道修复,结合人工湿地净化,并充分利用当地稻田种植区以及生态沟渠对氮、磷污染物进行消纳,将其进行技术整合在山区小流域具有良好的运用前景。

There are so many distinct features of rural area watershed in mountain region and plain region, so the discipline of the non-point pollution must be different. The author studied the discipline of N and P discharge in rural area in mountain region of northern Zhejiang Province in Taihu Lake basin and suggested some measures to treat the pollution. The results showed that the N and P source which resulted the river to be eutrophic concluded the domestic sewage, the poultry raising sewage, the runoff/drainage from paddy field and the bamboo forest and the tea plantation. In Xishan village, the N and P loads were 3604.99 kg/a and 609.17 kg/a, respectively. According to the contribution rate, the runoff from the bamboo forest and the tea plantation （47.59%） was the most important source of TN, and then were the poultry raising sewage （24.41%）, the domestic sewage （19.94%）, the runoff/drainage from paddy field （8.06%）. About TP, the runoff from the bamboo forest and the tea plantation （49.59%） was the most important source, and the poultry raising sewage （24.13%）, the runoff/drainage from paddy field （20.90%）, the domestic sewage （5.38%） came next. People should pay attention to the pollution from the bamboo forest and the tea plantation, the poultry raising sewage,especially the bamboo forest and the tea plantations when people treat the pollution. The author suggested that restoring the stream channel, combined with the cleaning capabilities of constructed wetland, and making good use of the paddy field and the drainage ditch had a good future to reduce the N and P loads in rural area watershed in mountain regions.