学习和记忆的神经基础

Neural Mechanisms of Learning and Memory

学习和记忆是脑的最基本的高级功能，是我们每时每刻都在经历着的事情。学习和记忆过程中脑内发生了什么？ 在过去的２０ 多年中，有关学习和记忆的神经机制研究取得了重大进展。首先，在脑内，记忆不是单一的系统，记忆有两大类型，即陈述性记忆和非陈述性记忆；第二，陈述性记忆和非陈述性记忆有着不同的工作原理，陈述性记忆是有意识的回忆，非陈述性记忆则是无意识的操作；第三，陈述性记忆和非陈述性记忆由不同脑结构支持；第四，记忆的痕迹反映在神经通路的可塑性变化中；第五，不同类型的记忆有着类似的突触和分子机制。我们完全有理由相信，随着实验方法和手段的不断进步，在不久的将来，学习和记忆脑机制的神秘面纱将被揭开。

Learning and memory are fundamental to our experience.What happens in our brain when we learn and remember?During the last 20 years there has been a revolution in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory.The key discoveries here are :1)memory is not a unitary system,but has two fundamental forms:declarative and non declarative memories;2)each of the two forms has its own logic:declarative memory is a conscious recall,while non declarative memory is an unconscious performance;3)each of the two forms uses a different set of brain structures;4)each of the two forms is stored as changes in strength at many synapses within its related neural circuits;and 5)each of the two forms has a very similar synaptic and molecular mechanism.We believe that,with the progress of research techniques,the mystery of learning and memory will be unvovered in the near future.