汉语目的小句的标记、位置及其解释

The Marker and Position of Chinese Purpose Clauses

汉语目的小句采用的标记手段是连词,不仅有为数不少的获取性标记,而且还有专门的免除性标记。汉语目的小句绝大多数后置,与VO型语言目的小句多是后置这一人类语言的共性相吻合。现有理论难以解释汉语里"为"类目的小句为何大多前置。文章认为它与后置的目的小句完全不同,在句法功能上,"为"类目的小句相当于句首状语,而后置的目的小句相当于补语;在篇章功能上,后置的目的小句不具备任何话题性质,一般只是承上,"为"类目的小句则具有很强的话题性,甚至可看作话题,具有很强的"启下力",理应前置。

The markers of Chinese purpose clauses are conjunctions, including not only quite a few positive ones, but also a few special negative ones. Chinese tends to place the purpose clauses after the corresponding matrix clause, as is in harmony with the universals of human languages. None of the present theories can offer a satisfying explanation on why the Chinese purpose clauses marked by wei（N） are preposed. The paper argues that the purpose clauses marked by wei should be regarded as a different grammatical construction from the postposed purpose clauses in Chinese. The reasons are as follows： syntactically, the Chinese purpose clauses marked by wei are similar to initial adverbials, and the postposed purpose clauses complements; discouresly, the postposed purpose clauses possess no topic function at all, generally acting as comments. However, the purpose clauses marked by wei have so strong topic function that they can even he regarded as topics, therefore, should be preposed.