水电建设的生态环境影响与作用

Influence and Role of Hydropower Engineering Construction on Ecological Environmental

大型水库电站具有水资源调节、防洪、灌溉、供水、发电、航运、水土保持、生态环境保护等多项功能,在满足人类经济社会发展的用水需求、防洪安全、能源安全和粮食安全等方面发挥着重要作用。但与此同时,在社会上也还经常会听到另外一种说法,即:水电建设破坏生态环境。通过对水电建设生态环境影响的辩证分析,并结合国内外水电开发后的一些实际情况,指出水电开发建设与生态环境破坏无必然联系,且水电开发程度越高的国家和地区生态环境越好,提出水电这种大自然赋予我们人类的宝贵资源,必须在人类文明的进程中充分发挥它的作用;科学的开发利用水电是最重要的生态保护措施;不科学的开发和利用水电一定会对生态环境产生不利影响;因此,提高科学素养,普及水利水电科学知识,取得社会公众对水电开发建设的理解和支持,是保障我国水电科学的开发和管理的当务之急。

The large-sized hydropower plant has muhiple functions, such as water resources regulations, flood control, irrigation, water supply, power generation, navigation, soil conservation, and environmental protection. It plays a very important role in meeting people＇s demands for water, flood control, energy security, and food security. However, we can often hear another argument in society： hydropower development damages the ecological environment. This paper, through a dialectical analysis of the ecological impacts of hydropower development, as well as a review of the actual aftermaths of some hydropower development projects both at home and abroad, argues that ecological damages to the environment are not necessarily associated to hydropower development, and the nations with higher grade of hydropower development normally enjoy a better ecological environment. As a valuable resource endowed to human beings by nature, hydropower should play a full role in the process of human civilization. This paper points out that scientific development and utilization of hydropower is the most important ecological protection measure while unscientific development and utilization will certainly have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, improving the scientific literacy, popularization of knowledge of water conservancy and hydropower, and obtaining the public understanding and support for hydropower development should be top priority to guarantee the scientific development and management of hydropower resources.