天然高分子基载体对农药控制释放作用的研究进展

Effects of Natural Polymers Carriers on Pesticides Release Control:A Review

本文综述了天然高分子基载体对农药的控制释放作用。纤维素、木质素、淀粉等天然高分子来源丰富且降解性好,作为农药载体,可有效控制活性成分的释放,提高农药利用率、减轻其污染。采用单组分天然高分子载体时,制剂颗粒的大小和交联度是影响活性成分释放速率的主要因素,天然高分子自身在释放过程中的溶解或溶胀将加速活性成分的释放,进而改变释放进程。采用黏土或其改性产品与天然高分子复合制备控制释放载体,可充分发挥它们各自的结构优势和亲、疏水特性,进一步强化对农药释放过程的调控。

Natural polymers such as cellulose, lignin and starch are resourceful and of good degradability. As the carriers of pesticides, they can control the release of active ingredients, so as to enbance the utilization efficiency of pesticides and reduce their pollution. When the natural polymers of single component were used as the carriers, the release rate of active ingredients was mainly influenced by the size of formulation particles and their crosslinking degree. A part of natural polymers may dissolve or swell during the release, which will make the release quicker, and change the release process. When clays or their modified products were used together with natural polymers to prepare composite carriers of pesticides, their structural advantages and different hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity will be completely utilized, and the release process of pesticides will be better regulated.