过失犯罪中的被害人承诺效力之考察

Investigation into the Efficacy of Promise on the Part of the Victim in Unpremeditated Crime

在刑法理论中,学者都是从故意犯罪的角度对被害人承诺进行研究。在过失犯罪中,被害人承诺的刑法效力的承认往往由于被害人的故意性与行为人的过失性显得更为重要,从行为人的角度去考察被害人承诺的效力是被害人承诺研究的新视野。过失犯罪中的被害人承诺的效力应当从过失犯罪中的风险概率、行为人的阻止义务、被害人承诺时对风险的知晓程度以及承诺的表达方式等几个方面进行考察,以实现对过失犯罪中的被害人承诺效力的准确定位。

In theory of criminal law, scholars study on the promise of the victim from the perspective of intentional crime. In unpremeditated crime, the acknowledgement of the efficacy of promise according to criminal law on the part of the victim is important due to the intentionality of the victim and the unpremeditatedness of the doer. To investigate into the efficacy of the promise on the part on the victim from the perspective of doer is a new angle in this field. Investigations should be carried out in aspects such as probability of risks, the prevention duty of doer, the degree of knowing of the risks of one＇s promise on the part of the victim and way of expression of the promise so as to achieve a correct positioning of the efficacy of promise in unpremeditated crime.