浒苔孢子放散与附着萌发特性及其干出适应性的初步研究

The release,adhesion and germination of spores of Enteromorpha prolifera and its adaptation to different desiccation conditions

研究了浒苔（Enteromorpha prolifera）孢子的放散与附着时限及其对附着基质的选择性，并探讨不同温度的干出处理对浒苔活力、孢子释放水平及其萌发的影响。实验结果表明：浒苔在20℃（黑暗）干出12h后连续放散孢子时限约为1～10h，放散高峰出现在4h左右；浒苔孢子附着时限约为1～12h，附着高峰出现在6h左右，孢子附着最佳时机为孢子释放后2h左右；略粗糙的PVC、PVF和PA基质更有利于浒苔孢子的附着。相对于20℃的干出处理组，低温（4℃-4℃）或冰冻干出条件（-20℃）下浒苔藻体的活力得到更好的保持，但其孢子释放能力则在20℃（3周内）和-20℃（3～5周）保持较高水平。在20，4，-4和-20℃（黑暗）干出条件下，浒苔附着孢子能够分别在4，16，8和16d内萌发。本实验结果所揭示的浒苔孢子释放及萌发时效性、浒苔藻体及其孢子对多种干出条件的耐受性，可望为进一步探索浒苔“绿潮”的发生机制提供帮助。

We studied the time limitation of release and adhesion of Enteromorpha prolifera spores and their selectivity of different substrates, and the effects of desiccation treatment at different temperatures on the vitality, capacity of release, and germination of the spores of this algae. The results showed that after 12 h exposure to the air （20oc, in darkness）, Enteromorpha prolifera released spores successively from lh to 10h after being immerged in seawater again, with the release peak at about 4h; the time limitation of spores settlement was about lh to 12h, with the settlement peak of spores at about 6h, indicating that the optimal time for spores settlement was about 2h after being released. The slightly rough materials, such as plastic, nylon and fabric, were beneficial to spores settlement. When being exposed in desiccation conditions, the vitality of thalli could be preserved longer at low temperatures （4℃, -4℃） or under freezing conditions （-20℃） than that at 20℃, but its capability of releasing spores maintained at high levels at 20℃ （in 3 weeks） and -20℃ （between 3 to 5 weeks）. In the desiccation conditions at temperature of 20, 4,-4℃, and -20℃ （all in darkness）, the settled spores could germinate within 4 d, 16 d, 8 d, and 16 d, respectively. Knowledge of the time limitation of spores release and settlement and the tolerance of the thalli and its spores for different desiccation conditions will further help to study the mechanism of ＂green tide＂.