高校在校学生健康素养现况调查及影响因素分析

A cross-sectional study on health-related knowledge and skills and its influencing factors among the Chinese college students

目的了解全国高校在校学生健康素养水平现况。方法采用分阶段目的抽样和方便抽样混合的抽样方法，对全国7省市内28所不同类型高校非毕业年级学生5070人使用自编问卷进行健康素养现况的横断面调查，用SPSS13．0软件进行统计学分析。结果5070名调查对象健康素养基本知识和技能得分百分制平均分为（74．139±12．0223）分，38．4％具有基本健康素养（≥80分）；在健康素养基本知识与技能的5个维度中，慢性病预防维度及格率最低（1．1％）。健康素养基本知识与技能总分及5个维度得分的及格率在不同性别、不同地区高校和不同高校类型间的分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；高校所处地区、高校类型是影响学生健康素养水平的重要因素（P〈O．05）。结论高校在校学生中低健康素养流行率较高，在慢性病预防、基本医疗知识等维度尤为突出；低健康素养在其不同人群中分布存在差异。

Objective To investigate the status on health-related knowledge and skills among the college students. Methods 5070 Chinese students from 28 universities or colleges were sampled, using the multiple-stage stratified, purposive and convenient mixed sampling method. A cross-sectional investigation on health literacy was conducted with self-designed questionnaire, and SPSS 13.0 was used to statistically analyze the data. Results The average scores on health-related related knowledge and skills among the subjects was 74.139± 12.0223, with 38.4% on basic healthrelated literacy （scores/〉80）. The rate （1.1%） of passing the margin line set for the awareness on chronic disease prevention appeared to be the lowest. And there noticed significant differences （P〈 0.05） in different regions, types, and genders on the basic health-related knowledge and skills as well as on the prevalence rates of total and each dimensional health-related literacy among universities and colleges. Regions and types of universities and colleges were the main influencing factors on the levels of health-related knowledge and skills among the college students. Conclusion The prevalence of basic health-related knowledge and skills was low and the prevalence rates of health-related knowledge and skills were differently distributed among student populations under study.